Metal emissions from domestic solid fuel
Metals are present in small quantities in coal and in even smaller
quantities in wood. They generally vaporise upon burning and condense
onto emitted particles. Emission concentrations and factors are:
Metal |
Emission target µg/m3 |
Bituminous coal Average Emission concentration µg/m3 |
Bituminous coal Emission Factor (dry ash free) mg per kg fuel burnt |
Bituminous coal Emission Factor (dry ash free) mg per kg fuel burnt |
Hardwood Emission Factor (dry ash free) mg per kg fuel burnt |
Australian Wood Emission Factor (dry ash free) mg per kg fuel burnt |
| Arsenic |
0.006 |
140
|
1.50 |
0.47 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
| Cadmium |
0.005 |
3 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.08 |
1.0 |
| Cobalt |
32 |
0.35 |
||||
| Chromium |
16 |
0.18 |
0.90 |
0.90 |
0.02 |
|
| Copper |
560 |
6.20 |
0.21 |
0.10 |
||
| Mercury |
0.05 |
46 |
0.51 |
0.11 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
| Manganese |
150 |
1.60 |
0.38 |
0.64 |
||
| Nickel |
0.02 |
110 |
1.20 |
0.46 |
0.98 |
|
| Lead |
0.25 |
490 |
5.40 |
2.85 |
0.91 |
0.10 |
| Antimony |
47 |
0.52 |
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| Tin |
14 |
0.16 |
||||
| Thallium |
10 |
0.10 |
||||
| Vanadium |
57 |
0.63 |
0.11 |
0.03 |
||
| Selenium |
50 |
0.55 |
0.42 |
0.09 |
||
| Zinc |
590 |
6.50 |
2.49 |
1.25 |
||
| Total |
2300 |
25.0 |
8.43 |
5.03 |
| Fuel |
As |
Cd |
Cr |
Cu |
Hg |
Ni |
Pb |
Se |
V |
Zn |
| coal (tonnes) |
5.08 |
0.15 |
3.06 |
2.27 |
0.43 |
16.01 |
11.03 |
3.41 |
5.73 |
5.53 |
| coal % |
10.8% |
2.3% |
4.6% |
3.8% |
5.1% |
8.5% |
2.0% |
7.6% |
1.5% |
1.2% |
| smokeless solid fuel (tonnes) |
2.93 |
0.07 |
1.02 |
1.31 |
0.17 | 3.98 |
4.19 |
0.85 |
3.81 |
0.85 |
| smokeless solid fuel % |
6.3% |
1.0% |
1.5% |
2.2% |
2.0% |
2.1% |
0.8% |
1.9% |
1.0% |
0.2% |
| wood (tonnes) |
nil |
0.07 |
nil |
0.09 |
0.03 |
nil |
0.82 |
nil |
nil |
1.09 |
| wood % |
nil |
1.1% |
nil |
0.2% |
0.3% |
nil |
0.1% |
nil |
nil |
0.2% |
| Total solid domestic fuel % |
17.1% |
4.4% |
6.1% |
6.0% |
7.4% |
10.6% |
2.9% |
9.5% |
2.5% |
1.6% |